Botulism is a rare and potentially fatal disease caused by a substance known as botulinum toxin. This toxin is produced by a type of bacteria called Clostridium botulinum, which can be found in certain foods or environments. The most common form of botulism is known as foodborne or infant botulism. Other types of botulism include wound botulism and adult enteric botulism.
Causes
Foodborne botulism is caused by eating foods that contain the botulinum toxin. Such foods include canned foods that were not properly prepared and/or sealed, smoked or inadequately cooked seafood, and poorly prepared home-canned foods. Infant botulism is caused by ingesting a toxin-producing bacterium called Clostridium botulinum. This bacteria is commonly found in the soil and dust and can make its way into the digestive tract of an infant. Wound botulism is caused by wound contamination with the toxin-producing bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Adult enteric botulism is caused by the toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum in the intestine.
Symptoms
The most common symptoms of botulism include blurred or double vision, drooping eyelids, difficulty swallowing, and slurred speech. Other signs and symptoms include dry mouth, weakness in the arms and legs, muscle cramps, abdominal pain and constipation. In severe cases, botulism can also cause difficulty breathing, paralysis, and eventually death.
Prevention & Treatment
The most important way to prevent botulism is by avoiding contaminated or improperly preserved foods. It is important to adhere to food safety practices when preparing and handling food, making sure all food is cooked to the proper temperature and is properly sealed and labeled. Botulism can also be prevented by avoiding unsanitary wound care practices.
Treatment for botulism usually involves an antitoxin to help neutralize the toxin, as well as supportive care such as breathing assistance and muscle strength rehabilitation. In some cases, an antibiotic may be prescribed to help prevent the spread of Clostridium botulinum. In severe cases, a ventilator may be required to help the patient breathe.
Health
Botulism can cause serious and potentially life threatening health problems. The most severe form of botulism, infant botulism, can even cause death in infants. It is important for individuals to adhere to food preparation safety protocols and to practice proper wound care in order to prevent botulism. If botulism is suspected, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible in order to begin treatment.