What is Malignant Melanoma?
Malignant melanoma is a type of skin cancer that forms from pigment cells, called melanocytes. It usually begins in an existing mole or a new area of growth on the skin. Malignant melanoma is the rarest and most aggressive form of skin cancer, but it can also be the most dangerous, as it can spread to other organs.
Signs and Symptoms of Malignant Melanoma
Being aware of any changes in the skin is an important step in detecting malignant melanoma in its early stages. Signs and symptoms to look out for include:
- Darkening moles – moles may appear darker brown or black, and can sometimes have irregular or blurred border.
- New moles or lesions – a new, unusual looking mole or lesion may appear.
- Growth or changes in size, shape, or color of an existing mole or lesion.
- Itchy or tender skin – the affected area may be tender to the touch or itchy.
- Bleeding or discharge – the area could be oozing a clear or bloody discharge.
- A mole or lesion that is raised or swollen – this may be caused by an accumulation of fluid beneath the skin.
What Causes Malignant Melanoma?
Malignant melanoma is mainly caused by the skin being exposed to too much ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sources like the sun and tanning beds. This radiation damages the skin’s DNA, leading to mutations in the melanocyte cells and the eventual formation of a malignant tumor. Genetics, and having a compromised immune system can also increase the risk of developing malignant melanoma.