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Understanding Rare Cancers: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options
Cancer is a frightening diagnosis — and when it’s a rare cancer, the uncertainty of the cause and ability to find effective treatment can be overwhelming. Fortunately, scientists and doctors are working hard to understand more about the causes, symptoms and treatments for rare cancers.
What are Rare Cancers?
Rare cancers are those that are not as commonly diagnosed in the general population, including those such as sarcoma and cancer of the appendix, gallbladder and adrenal hormones. The types of rare cancers can vary among adults and children, with far fewer cases in children than adults.
Causes of Rare Cancers
The exact cause of rare cancers is not always known. However, certain environmental exposures and genetic mutations have been linked to increasing one’s risk of rare cancer. Possible carcinogens include certain industrial chemicals, such as asbestos and benzene, as well as ionizing radiation and some viruses. In people with certain genetic mutations, such as Li-Fraumeni Syndrome, Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Syndrome and others, the risk of rare cancer is increased even further.
Symptoms of Rare Cancers
Each type of rare cancer has varied symptoms, but some more frequent ones can include fatigue, fever, weight loss and poor appetite. Other more specific symptoms can include jaundice, unexpected bleeding and pain from abnormal growths. A detailed screening and diagnostic test from a doctor is the only way to know for sure if a person is suffering from a rare cancer.
Treatment for Rare Cancers
Once a rare cancer is diagnosed, treatment options vary depending on the type of cancer and its severity. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and targeted drug therapies are all potential options for treating rare cancers. In addition, clinical trials for newer, experimental treatments can increase the chance for a successful outcome. Rare cancer treatment should always include strong health care — and emotional — support, such as advising patients on healthy lifestyle choices, maintaining good nutrition and providing psychological support.
Rare cancers are an unpredictable but treatable condition. With early detection and advances in treatments, it is possible to improve health outcomes and extend survival times. Knowing the causes, recognizing the symptoms and being aware of treatment options are the important first steps in helping to fight and beat rare cancer.